Unit 10- Animation LO1
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Different Types of Animation
Line drawing-
Line drawing animation is also known as line art drawing. It usually consists of using very basic brush or pen strokes that differ in weight and angle to create different forms. This can create unique lines and produce texture and depth in a piece.
An example that i have found for this animation is these line characters from the kids film called Soul. They are in a film which is 3D created by these are line drawing characters made by lines. The move through lines and they dot loo lifelike they have the continuous line element.
Cel animation-
Cel animation is one of the most traditional forms of animation and involves characters, objects and more being hand-drawn on clear celluloid sheets and placed over painted backgrounds. These are known as animated cels or animation cels. There are many layers to this and each film will be a lengthy mount of time. The tools used to create this animation is hand drawn on clear celluloid sheets, this is a very traditional form of using these tools and some animators may use computers today but traditionally animators used those tools for this type of animation. This pink panther imagine shows how the layering and technique is used, the background is created and the celluloid sheets are drawn on and layered to create the moving animations. Cel animation is very much a product of 20th century Hollywood. However, there are enthusiasts who still use the techniques today and it has built an iconic status among a generation of animators and cinema enthusiasts. I have researched that only 30 seconds of cel animation takes up to 2 to 4 months to make... it takes a huge amount of time to create even just 30 seconds of cel animation content. You need the skill of drawing and knowing the tools, other than that you are free to create this piece once you have the tools. I cant spoecifically find whgat a cel animortoe makes but the average animator salary in the United Kingdom is £40,000 per year or £20.51 per hour. Entry level positions start at £30,000 per year while most experienced workers make up to £60,000 per year.
My example for the cel animation is the animation called Samurai Jack (2001-2004). This was cartoon network created by Genndy Tartakovsky. He used cel animation with sharp lines, angular shape and a limited colour pallets for each episode.
Hand-drawn animation-
Hand- drawn animation is also known as traditional and or cel animation. It is an animation technique where each frame of the film is drawn by hand, it is not used massively now due to the increase in computer technology but it is still a traditional method.
Aladdin is my example of a hand drawn aniamtion, this film uses the hand drawn animation which is a traditional animation. This film was out in 1992 so hand drawn animation has been used for many years and one of the most used animations.
Rotoscoping-
Rotoscope animation describes the process of creating animated sequences by tracing over live-action footage frame by frame. The final outcome of this style is to create lifelike characters that move just like real things such as people in the animation move like people in real life, this is time consuming but the outcome is lifelike content.
An example of rotoscoping is Alice in wonderland (1951) Later Disney films like Alice in Wonderland adapted a basic form of the rotoscoping technique – rather than projecting and tracing, animators simply watched scenes played out in live action in order to observe body movements and expressions.
Live action animation-
Live-action animation is a film genre that combines live-action filmmaking with animation. Projects that are both live-action and computer animation tend to have fictional characters or figures represented and characterized by cast members through motion capture and then animated and modeled by animators. Some techniques used to create this sort of animation is things like shooting raw movie footage at 30 frames per second then animating via paid or free software. After the test, filmmakers import many frames to animate scenes with live-action episodes. Cleaning the drawings and reduce the workflow with the partitioning of frame-by-frame drawings, animated characters and settings are filled with color. Raw videos are complemented with effects in contacts, brightness, saturation, shadows, etc. Filmmakers are working on a smooth transition of scenes. Step by step film makers and animators are working together to make both animation and live action to work. Live action animation is used now such as the film Lyle Lyle Crocodile (2022) is a good examples of live action animation used so much more recently. It roughly takes up to 1-2 years to make a live action animation film, this might seem quick but there are two production teams working together for each media. You need the skill of film making live film and animation to produce both of them in one film, requires diplomas in filmmaking, creative media, animation and more.
My example of a live action with animation is Mary Poppins (1964), this live action movie also has the layering of animations so it looks like there is not different world that the fictional darwing of the animation is a part of the real wold. This is done in the movie mary poppins.
What is stop motion animation? Stop motion animation is an advanced flipbook-style form of animation. It involves photographing and then physically manipulating objects within your frame. As each frame is played in sequence, the technique creates the effect of an object moving itself. There are many different tools and techniques to stop motion such as having the tools to sculpt your characters and then the tools setting up your camera and filming and moving every second. Editing software for each shot to get it as smooth as possible. An example of a stop motion animation is a old tv animation called Mio Moa (1974) this was used by clay animation which is a technique of stop motion animation, using clay as there characters and adjusting their movements in each shot then edited as a full episode is a technique used. Stop motion is an animation that takes an inside about of time, a few seconds can take hours and even several days and that's only for a few seconds of animation. A whole one hour film could take up to a full three years, a very long time. You need an education in film and animation, the skill of lighting, camera work, sculpting, angles and many more is required. The estimated total pay for a Stop Motion Animator is £36,308 per year, with an average salary of £32,607 per year.
My example of stop motion animation is Coraline (2009), this film was a stop motion animation. Instead of ink on paper, 3D printing uses a UV-sensitive resin and support material that is sprayed down in a layering process that builds objects in 3D space.
2D/ 3D animation-
2D animation is a style that involves creating images in two dimensions, focusing on the X and Y axes. It usually has a flat appearance and is often more stylized and cartoonish. Characters and objects are drawn frame by frame, either by hand or using computer software. This is animation that is used a lot.
My example of a 2D animation is the film Mulan (1992), this film was one of many 2D animated films.
3D animation is the process of creating moving, three-dimensional images in a digital context. These visuals are made using 3D software, allowing animators to create computerized objects that look 3D even though they're on a 2D surface. The tools and techniques used are not like traditional animation such as drawing or stop motion, 3D animation uses computer graphics involves using software like Blender, Maya, or 3ds Max to animate virtual models in a digital space. This technique and animation type is used in the recent and preset years when it comes to film making. Most big companies such as Pixar and Disney use 3D animation due to the increase in technology computers are used more in the filming and animation industry now. This is one of the quickest animation i have research it takes 2 weeks to 1 month for short projects. 6 months to +1 year for feature films. This is so quick due to everything being on computers. You need some sort of animation skill, computer skills and filming skills, 10+2 education with a minimum percentage requirement (varies by university). The estimated total pay for a 3D animator is £36,943 per year, with an average salary of £33,575 per year, this is a rough estimate because it varies with different companies and what you are working on in which country.
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Report- Uses of Animation
There are many uses of animation. Uses such as TV programs, film, children's animations, adverts and many more. All of the different uses of animation have different purposes such as entertainment, inform, persuade, educate and more. I will explain two different uses of animation and two different gernes of animation.
Film Animation
Film animation is a huge animation that is used all the time. Many pieces of animation is used for film. There are all different techniques that are used for film animation such as 2d and 3d animation, stop motion, hand drawn, cel animation and many more. A key film that is a film animation is Monsters inc (2001) that is under the kids animation that is a comedy and adventure genre. This is a film that uses 3D animation to create a kids animation in a film form. There is any series that use animation but film is used massively in animation. Film animation is primarily aimed at children, a lot of film animation are family and children friendly films. There are many series animation that are targeted towards adults but only rarely are there lots of adult film animations. I would say the main target audiences children. An example of a children's film animation is Toy Story (1995), this was the first animation to use 3D animation for a kids animation film. An adults film that is a film animation could be Entergalactic (2022) this is a romance and adult film that is an animation using the animation type called DNEG animation which is computer animation, the animation is also used in films such as Spiderman Into the Spider Verse (2018) which is a child's animation film. Many of these film animations have all different targeted audiences with different types pf animation and that's why film animation is so popular. The primary purpose of film animation is all purposes, some films are there to promote, some to inform, some to educate and most to entertain. Most film animations are there to entertain the audience. Film animation use all different types of animation, like i have already suggested that some films are using new animation such as 2d, 3d and computer animation. However, some use old and traditional types of animation such as all the Disney princess films are hand drawn or cel animation such as Princess and the Frog (2009) and Snow White (1937). There are all and many different types of animation used in film animation.
Adult film animation Entergalactic (2022)
Horror Animation
Horror animation is an animation created with the horror genre. There are the same codes and conventions for a traditional horror film but it is all created by animation. Horror animation is used for both children and adults, there are any different types of horror animation when it comes to the style. Some are soft horror animations and some are gory animations, there are anime horror animations and many more. A key film of a horror animation is Coraline (2009), this is child's animation but it is under the horror category. This film is a good example of a horror from with the animation technique. The horror animation has the target audience of kids and adults. For example a children's horror animation is ParaNorman (2012), this is a film targeted to children, it has all the regulations to make sure it is targeted towards children but it is a horror animation. An example of an adults horror animation is Resident Evil (2008 and a few more) these films are all animation but it is not allowed to be shown for children. It is targeted towards adults but it is a 3D styled animation so there are different target audiences that are for horror animations. The main purpose of the horror animation is to entertain. All of these films and series are there to entertain the audience, nothing in the horror will educate and inform people. If people enjoy the horror the main purpose of these animations are to entertain. These are a few different types pf techniques of amination when it comes to horror animation. Animation such as stop motion animation Coraline (2009), 3D animation Frankinweenie (2012), anime Junji Ito Maniac: Japanese Tales of the Macabre (2023)and more. All of these different types of animation is used a lot in horror animation and all different types have all different target audiences. The target audience for the anime animation which is 2D animation which has a target audience of 18+. However, when it comes to the 3D horror animation that animation can be found to be children's animation such as PG.
Horror Animation, Stop motion- Coraline (2009)
Children's Animations
Children animation is animation created for the child's target audience. A key film or program of a children's animation could be a film such as Ratatouille (2007) a Pixar film. This film is targeted towards children and adults that enjoy comedy. A lot of children's animation are targeted to children as young as 1+ years old to young teenagers such as 13- 16 year old's. Children animation can be targeted to pretty much any child's age, there are animations out there for babies such as Bing (2014) and there are animations out there for for teenagers Teen Titians Go (2013). There are many purposes for children's animation. Some purpose could vairy depending on which age it is targeted towards. The purposes may clash too. Bing (2014) is for 2+ ages and this children's animations purpose is to educate and entertain the audience. Learning colours and words from the animation means the purpose could be educational but also entertaining for the children. There are purposes of animation that is to mainly entertain children such as Cartoon Network that only streams children animations for that older age as entertainment. Children's animations is primarily 2D animation and cut out animation which is cut out pieces created to make characters. This is seen in all different types of children companies, tv, film, animations, social media such as YouTube. A lot of those animations are 2D, film companies such as Disney and DreamWorks use 2D animation a lot for children animation. Stop motion is also used a lot when it comes to children animation. Films such as Wallace and Gromit (2005) is all created by stop motion animation and it was a series that has many movies too. These are targeted towards children with its comedy genre.
2D animation- Teen Titians Go
Comedy Animation
Comedy animation is an animation that is found is many of films and it is used for all target audiences. Comedy animation will have series and films and more, comedy is found everywhere in animation and use many different techniques of animation too. A film that is under the comedy animation is Shrek (2001), this is a film that is a comedy/ fantasy gerne. This is targeted towards children, it is a children's animation but there are jokes in there tat are also for adults and it ha many adult references that only the adults will know and so i think this is great as a family film. That is why comedy animation is for everyone because it can reach many different audience. Like i have mentioned the target audience for comedy animation can be for any age. there are adult animations and children animation but family animation too for both children and adults. A film such as UP (2009) is targeted to children from 4years old+, this means it is a family friendly film that is targeted to ages such as 4 and high such as adult. However, films that are comedy animation but are only targeted towards adults are films such as Sausage Party (2016) is targeted to 18+ years old's. We can see here that there is that link to comedy but it is all separated or joined together by target audiences. The primary use of a comedy animation is to entertain. It will and always has been to entertain all audience. Some comedies out there can be there talk about or raises awareness about world issues such as South Park or the Simpsons because been though they are inappropriate and funny they also touch up on a lot of topics that is an issue in the world so in some cases it is there to inform people about things. However, that is only in the rare cases. The animation techniques that are used in comedy animation is a lot of 2D animation, hand draw animation and more. An example of 2D animation is Family Guy (1999), family guy is an adult animation that has the animation technique of 2D animation. It looks very child friendly but the content is not for children. Hand drawn animation that is a comedy and target towards children could be Scooby Doo on zombie island (1998). There are so many different target audiences and animation types that are just under the comedy animation category.
Adult comedy animation 3D animation- Sausage Party (2016)
Children comedy animation 3D animation- Shrek (2001)
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Coraline (2009)- stop motion animation
Coraline uses the technique of stop motion animation, this film took 4 years and took over 500 people to help just move the characters. The principle photography took 18 months alone. This is a very lengthy animation and it takes so much detail to complete just a few seconds never mind a whole two hour film. A bit of information about the film, the Fantastic Garden was the most complex set created for the film, featuring hundreds of handcrafted flowers, most of which had their own individual light sources. Which i film very interesting about stop motion, that the backgrounds and the very busy scenes were the hardest. The target audience for this film is very interesting because for age wise it is for any ages but there is parental guidance is needed, this film is a horror animation so it can be scary for some kids younger that the age 13 years old. This could be for adults that like Tim Bertani's work due to him being the director and he is very into kids horror animation and he also uses stop motion a lot in his work. Adults that know his work should be very interested in this film. Also, this is a child's animation which is why it is targeted towards children especially that are interested in creepy but fun films. The targeted audience for this film reaches many different ages and personalities. The purpose of this film is to entertain. This film is funny, scary, creative and adventure packed. The whole purpose is to entertain the target audience reached. Most stop motion animations are there to entertain. Coraline is a stop motion animation made for children to watch however, this is not always the case because this may be a kids animation but it under the genre horror. Horror is typically targeted to 18+ year old's and so when kids animation that's also horror based comes out here will be questions raised if it is scary for that age range they are targeting. Is this appropriate for children to see or not is always being asked. However, it is indeed appropriate to watch and this is how clever they have made it to were its a child's film with a simple and safe stop motion animation but this movie has the unsettling feeling and uneasy watch which can be targeted to those people who like horrors no matter what age.
South Park (1997)- Stop Motion Cutout Animation
South Park was created in 1997 by two men called Trey Parker and Matt Stone. It took these two three weeks with the right computer technology and team to make one episode back when they started the early seasons. One episode was around 20 minutes long and this took around three weeks to complete when all hands were on deck. The animation type that they used is stop motion cut out animation. This was created by construction paper and traditional stop motion cutout animation techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes have been produced by computer animation, providing a similar look to the originals while requiring a fraction of the time to produce. The shapes and colours are all simple geometric shapes and the colours are so simple using primary colours with some different hues and skin tones. It is all done with very simple format and style. The characters are circled shapes keeping it to the minimal. This is how the cut out technique became a simple but effective style of animation but it does get time consuming if a team isn't there helping. computers now have developed overtime and that is a lot more quicker and easier to use but the original technique is stop motion cut out animation. The target audience for this animation is 18 years old and above, 18+, this is because of the actual content and swearing in the series. Not only is this animation an animation which is typically targeted towards children but it also looks like aa child's animation but the content and language in it is defiantly not target towards children. Due to the simple layout and designs of all the backgrounds and characters they re so simple they look like they are meant for a children's animation. However, it is only targeted to 18+ year old's due to the content. The aim of the animation is to entertain. The purpose of this comedy animation is to entertain, in some arguments you might see another purpose such as inform. The content that is on this series relates to things like racism and world issues, they do this in an offence and inappropriate way but this makes you think well these are an issue. However, this is not the main purpose it is just an opinion. The purpose of this series is to be funny and entertain the audience. It is a very specific type of humor like i said it is very offence and is very inappropriate but if this is your kind of humor then this is for you. This is done very well and the purpose the target audience works very well with each other however, the animation type can be misleading for some. What i mean by this is that the animation looks so much like a child's animation do to the simplicity of the animation it can look like it isn't targeted to the older ages. The content assures you that it is for the older generation and it again is target to a very specific type of audience who like inappropriate and offence humor. A lot of the jokes are dark and not for the weak so there are arguments that this should be shown because you don't want children thinking its for them because it is friendly and inviting at first but one you get into the animation you know its not for younger years.
Pinocchio (1940)- Rotoscoping Animation
Pinocchio was create in 1940 and it took over two years to create. It required more than 750 artists and technicians to make these characters come to life. A piece of information about this film looking at it it is a very old film but the production still managed to cost 2.6 million dollars. This is a great children's animation, it is designed to be targeted towards ages 6+, this film is for child's and families. It has elements of comedy and it has lots of life lessons in it however, there are some concerns whether it is appropriate today for this target audience. The technique that they used in this film is rotoscoping animation. This animation is were you have live action film so videos of people doing activities such as picking a glass up and then the animators will sketch over this video and create the animation/ characters through the movements created by the human movements. They also did this with clay models. This is why the making took a huge amount of artist but they managed to produce it in a short amount pf time. The hundreds of artists and technicians were necessary for this amination. The target audience for this film is 6+ years old, this is i think a good target audience for the characters and the style of animation however, some of the content to me i think this shouldn't be shown to this age group. This target audience is for young children and it is a family film. There is lots of comedy in it which makes it enjoyable for children and it has that fantasy magical feeling to it so i think this age range is good for the animation. I think there are many different purposes to this film. Due to it being for young children some of the scenes are very educating and informing, what i mean by this is that the main character is a puppet that has a nose that grows when he lies teaching children that lying can cause consequences that are not good and so i think it has some good lessons for children to learn. There signs of comedy and that is a good reason for this film it is entertaining. All films for children i think are there to entertain them and that's a good purpose for this film. However, some people may question why this film might not be the right target audience in modern days for this film. This film has very odd content in it, there are scenes such as Pinocchio drinking, getting high, having a cigar, kidnapping and more scenes that have bad connotations and content in it. Back in 1940 they would see these scenes as funny and a comedy act, and back in those years it would be considered normal. However, over the years contents, age rating and issues likes that have changed massively and it is a lot more sensitive I don't think that it is appropriate showing kids at the ages of 6 maybe younger to be watching content that involves bad and unhealthy behavior now due to the horrors of kids copying those bad behaviors in real life. There are good scenes and messages in this film overall it does have positive messages making sure children don't lie and that they do behave good and magi is real. However, the scenes that are not good for children t be watching does show and it does look like it is should not be shown to children or anyone of a younger age. This might be found as a comedy and a family film but there are dark and sadder meanings behind it all.
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Comparison
DreamWorks
DreamWorks animations is an animation company that produces movies. It has made many of our familiar family friendly movies such as Shrek, Kung Fu Panda, Madagascar and many more. They use a range of different techniques and animations and the characters all have their own personalities that we can explore. Looking at different aspects of the company such as characters, techniques and themes, i want to explore what DreamWorks use for there amazing movies.
When it comes to the characters they are all different in every animation movie that DreamWorks has created. A lot of these characters are created around the same way with different styles and that is why they look slightly different. This will link in with the animation types and techniques used. If i look at some specific characters such as Shrek, this film was animated using the techniques of computers and live action things like clay figures to imitated the movements and motions that the character will have. This is to achieve the life like motions and movements and it will be transfused onto a computer to create the characters. Then looking at Shark Tail, the characters in this are computer animated and it is done all digitally to make the characters move and act the way they do. Not a lot of traditional methods are used when it comes to DreamWorks. Puss in boots uses 2D and 3d animation to create the characters and backgrounds of this movie again this is found to be done digitally or on a computer generating the movements and the way the characters appear. The most common animations and techniques used is modern animation such as computer animation, digital animation, 2D and 3D animation. The look of the character have a some what similar look to them due to it all bring a style of 3D animation. They have there different intakes because most of the characters are different but they all have the 3D animation look. This doesn't take away from the story telling it just makes them look more advanced then the hand drawn and traditional animations and i think this makes them look slightly advanced.
A lot of these films are set in different environments such as most of the films have very realistic but fantasy styled environments. An example of what i mean by this is that Shrek is based in Hollywood, or a swamp or a castle, these are all realistic places but in the movie they have a fantasy and adventure twist on them, Hollywood is called far far away but it looks like Hollywood. Just has a story twist on it and that is what most of the environments are like for these animations. Shark Tail is based in the ocean which is real but it is a city that you would find on land however, it is base in the ocean which is a story and fantasy take on the places. Another example is flushed away is based being in a toilet and that's real but it has its story take on it. I think this is a great way to manipulate the real world into a storyland and this is great for the target audience too. It makes it very entertaining and that is what these movies are there to do. It just has a good outlook for the moves because they are all family, friendly and fictionally like sorties. I like this technique and it is used is all in all films that DreamWorks create its a like a magical dream for the target audience and it is clever.
The themes of the animations are very story based, fantasy genre, family friendly, fictional and have happy endings. The themes of these animations all have the purpose to entertain which they do and they all have a family friendly feel with a bit of comedy and hidden adult jokes which is why it is great being so family friendly. A lot of them follow a story line such as Shrek is based off books and Disney princesses while creating there own princess and there own story. The link between all of the different old stories and fictional books in the past is amazing and makes a great new story. That links in with the themes of all of these movies. The films are very magical and have that sense of fictional concepts.
Ghibli
Pixar
Pixar is an animation company that produces movies that tell us stories that give our children life lessons. Movies such as Brave, Coco, Inside out and many more. They have ranges of techniques and different character developments, different themes and environments that are found.
The characters that are found in Pixar movies are very different to each other and they all represent different things. The style type of animation looks like 3D animation it is very familiar to DreamWorks animations. This is a similarity that i have found in the two animation companies. Similar to DreamWorks i can see that they use the same animations for the characters and backgrounds. The animations most commonly used is 3D and computer generated animation. This is very modern and it looks like there is no traditional animation used which is in contrast to the studio Ghibli which uses many hand drawn and traditional animation techniques.
The locations of the animations are also very similar to DreamWorks but very different to Ghibli animation. DreamWorks are working with real locations but they have a fictional twist onto it. Where as Pixar have environments in the movies that are both real and fictional. For example, toy story is based in a town, in a kids room or a school, these are all real environments in the world but the context in the film is fictional to our knowledge (we still haven't got research on toys being alive). Another example is Brave is based in Scotland and a castle which are real places. Monster inc university is set in a university which is a real environment but it is for monster which is fictional (to my knowledge). There are also fully fictional environments in some of Pixar films such as Wall-e this is a fictional location is is based. Which is different to DreamWorks and Ghibli. Looking at the different locations i think this great for the animations and it links in with the characters and the stories the films tell.
The themes in these films are very similar to the DreamWorks films. They have different styles and genres. The genres and themes you see in these films are fantasy films, storytelling, lesson teaching and more. The theme of lesson learning is good and these film do this lot. Taking different films and exampling each lesson they teach children for example Brave is a story about a Scottish princess who is told she has to live her life a certain way but she teaches people that you can write your own story and not be controlled by people. Another film is called Soul, this film is about a young man who is a music teacher but he wants to do more with his life but is too scared and doesn't have the motivation to do anything, the lesson he teaches us is that wants he finds out his soul purpose in life he wants to continue with his dreams and not be so scared all the time. Turning red is a film about a young Asian girl who has just hit puberty and its effected her but she cant share anything to her parents or express or control how she feels. This is a cultural representation helps kids that relate to this film can help them learn and grow. This film helps anyone be comfortable and okay telling people about their experiences and i think this helps people in relation to the culture and people in general who is struggling with the worries the characters have and i think this is a great way to teach people lessons and help them learn that everything is okay. Another great cultural mini film is called Bao, this is about a old Asian lady and she created some bao buns. This young bao buns turned into a little living bao bun and she fell in love and looked after this bun as her own. This boa bun went through life and later on in his life he started to be mean to his mum and so this is a story of you need to make sure you look after your family and even know you are moving on in life you need to make sure you look after and love your family because thewy looked after you for life. Some families in this culture and in general might forget about who looked after them and sometimes people need to be remined that family is everything and so this film is there to help tell people a story and a lesson of family and love. The films of these films are great at story telling and lesson teaching.
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