Unit 18- Cinematography- P2

 P2

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Settings on a camera


Frame Rate 

Frame rate is the measurement of how quickly a number of frames appears within a second. This could also be called FPS (frames per second). Motion pictures, TV broadcasts, streaming video content, and even smartphones use the standard frame rate of 24fps. iPhones use 24fps, this is what will be best for standard shots when filming. There are different frames per seconds that you can use where there are either less frames per second or more and depending on how many there is there will be a different outcome of quality. Less frames per second show a good shot but it can look like it has poor quality. 


As you can see the different frames when a screenshot has been taken at the same time due to the less frames you can see that there is a delay and that there is less of a flow when it comes to watching the full animation. Due to less frames it means that it doesn't give a smooth finish. When there is more frames per second you can see that flow and smooth contrast to each frame a lot more. When it comes to cameras and filming there are loads of different types of fps and it just depends on which camera you get results in different qualities. 60 fps is one of the best qualities that you can see here when it comes to filming, this helps when we are shooting things that are moving too such as this image of a man running the different fps can effect the flow and quality when filming. A standard iPhone is 24fps which is fine but if you are looking for the flow and quality then a higher fps will be needed. A standard DRLS Camera has a fps of 30fps, again this is not the best but it is a standard fps that you can find me using in my filming. 


Certain fps can be used for certain things when filming. Looking for high quality you can use 60fps for example but if you are looking for a low quality and vintage old looking shot then 15fps can give you that effect. These are necessarily bad fps but you can use them to its benefits and it just depends on what you are trying to shoot. If i was looking for a blurred and kind of low quality effect in my music video i can use something that has a 15fps or 24fps, then when I'm doing something like an action shot or a close up when i need good quality i need to be looking for a camera that give me a 60fps shot. They can be used for different effects and this is good to have a variety. 


ISO/ Aperture

Aperture: How big the opening is that lets light in, expressed in F-stops. The larger the number, the smaller the opening. 


Looking at this example we can see different f-stops. The bigger the lens opening is the smaller the number will be. This means that when the lens is large so the number is small there is much more light let into the camera lens. This mean the image because a lot brighter and it makes certain parts of the image clearer. As you can see in the first image the bigger the lens the more light is let in and the focus is looking at the thing that is closest to the camera. This makers the background and possible the main subject out of focus. 
To adjust this you will increase the aperture making it a larger number but this means is it slowly closing the lens opening to make it smaller. This then makes the thing that is closet t the camera and the main subject in focus however, this can still make the background out of focus. All of these effects are going to look good depending on what you are wanting to be the main focus in the image. Each setting can be made for different shots such as if i was looking for a blurred out of focus shot to make it look like someone is drunk or that kind of scene in a music video a setting of a smaller aperture number like f2.8 (lens has a bigger opening) this makes different features blurred and not perfect. This can be used for different scenarios in different music videos. A larger number such as the setting of f/16 will show a very clear and in focus shot for scenes like close ups or straight forward scenes in the music video.   

As you can see here the setting of the first image is a larger number and so the lens is smaller giving a very clear and in focus shot with everything including the subject and background in shot is clear. The second shot is a smaller number meaning the lens has a bigger opening causing a shot that has certain bits of the shot in focus and some out of focus giving a very different effect. That is an example of different apertures giving different effects to images which can be used and will be used in the music video. 


Here is another example of  the apertures being in different settings and the image coming out in different ways. You can see the transitions from the smaller numbers (smaller aperture with a bigger lens opening) to the bigger number of f stops (larger aperture with a smaller lens opening) having different outcomes. An example is the fist image has the main subject the thing closet to the camera is the thing in focus, this is good for shots were you don't want the background being visible and anything around the main subject. Looking at the bigger aperture you can see that everything is in focus which is going to be a good shot for anything you want to be in focus which is everything in the shot. You can play around and find different outcomes that match you. 

ISO: How sensitive your camera's sensor is to light. The higher the ISO number, the more sensitive to light. Motion blur is longer shutter speed, lower aperture, lower ISO.


ISO controls the amount of light your camera lets in, and therefore how dark or light your photos will be. Low values such as ISO 100, are best for a sunny outdoor shoot. For shooting at night or indoors with dim lighting you can use an ISO of 1600 or higher (3200). Using this i know what exposure/ ISO settings i need for what location. If i am filming inside the best ISO setting should be 400 or 800, this is useful because for my music video i might do shots inside and outside so i need to know what iso i should use. Outside and sunny bright days could have a low ISO such as 100 or 200 but darks nights need more light so you can see the shot so a larger ISO such as 1600 or 3200 will help with the brightness/ exposure of the image. Shots such as dark inside will need ISOs like 400 or higher because it needs to capture as much light to see the image clearly. Then shots i might use outside where it is already bright i can use the lower ISOs. Low ISO = less sensitivity, low brightness, low/no grain. High ISO = high sensitivity, high brightness, high grain. However, often a high ISO is unavoidable, especially in low light situations. An image that would be almost black at ISO 100 can reach the correct brightness (or “exposure”) at a high ISO like 1600. When it comes to landscape shots which might be used in my music video most people find that ISO 3200 or ISO 6400 is the upper limit before their pictures become too grainy. However, some expensive cameras can go past this with good results.


How will i use this?

I will use this by making sure that each settings i use have to match the location and what type of shot that i am looking for. Such as for blurred and out of focus or in focus effects i can manipulate the different apertures to match with the different effects i will achieve. 

This is the same as the ISO if i am looking for different exposures and i can manipulate the different outcomes by changing the ISO then that is what i will be doing to get different effects but this is for different locations. Also if i do want a lot of noise in my images i can see that changing the ISO will do that too. 

Different locations and different shots determine different settings and now because i have researched these techniques and camera settings i will now know how and what needs to be changed when filming in different locations for different shots. I will keep coming back to this blog and make sure i know the settings are correct for each shot. 


Camera settings 


ISO- I trialled adjusting the ISO settings on the camera for one of my class mates to take pictures of me so I could better understand what I would need to do when filming my music video




Aperture- I did the same again with aperture to make sure I had a better understanding. Though not as noticeable, I will make sure to use this if I want to have a clear depth of field in my work









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